NANOINDENTATION OF BONE - Nanoindentation with Biological Applications - page 192

Table 7-1. Comparison of testing procedures used on various types of bone samples where “Inter” = Interstitial and “Trab” = Trabecular.

Test Type

Sample
Condition

Inter.
E (STD)

Osteon E
(STD)

Trab. E
(STD)

Rate

Reference Sample Tip

( N/s)

human
femur

24.34
(1.58)

constant strain rate,
hold (5 s)

Vanleene et al ., 2006 55 dry 0.05 1/s Berk.

human
tibia

18.6 to
32.2

10 to
1000

precondition &
hold (0 to 1000 s)

Fan and Rho, 2002 56 dry in epoxy Berk.

13.4
(2.0)
vert.

human vert.
and tibia

25.8 (0.7)
tibia

22.5 (1.3)
tibia

ramp-and-hold
(10 s)

Rho et al., 1997 57 dry in epoxy 750 Berk.

human
femur

21.8 (2.1) ramp-and-hold

(200 s)

Rho et al., 2002 58 dry in epoxy 23.8 (1.8) 400 Berk.

wet, dry, or
plastic
embedded

0.005,
0.01,
0.02

human
femur

Hoffler et al., 2005 59 ~20 to 24 Berk. multiple loading

equine third
metacarpal

Berk. &
R =5,
21 m

ramp-and-hold
(120 s) or multiple
loading

Bushby et al., 2004 43
(data in Table 7-2 )

wet, dry, or
PMMA

9.9 to 19.5
(E`)

10000

human
femur

~24 to 27
(Er)

ramp-and-hold
(60 s)

Gupta et al ., 2006 60 PMMA 200 Berk.