Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 5.2
Technological classification of spatial types
Characteristics
Pure
agglomeration
Industrial
complex
Social network
Competence-
based SN
Trust- led SN
Nature of
technical
knowledge
codified,
explicit and
mobile,
transmitted
by way of
information
specific,
systemic,
routinized,
R&D- intensive;
based on non-
transferable
experience
tacit,
generic, non-
systemic,
sticky and
leaky;
transmitted
within
cognitive
networks
codified,
sticky,
mature;
transmitted
within
geographi-
cally localized
networks
Technological
trajectory
oriented to
processes,
problem-
solving,
organizational
innovation
oriented to
complex
products,
cost- cutting
oriented to
radically new
products
oriented to
processes,
customer-
driven
Dynamics
stochastic
strategic
disruptive,
uncertain
incremental
Sources of
innovation
external to
the firm,
multisectoral
internal to
the firm and
the sector,
institutionalized
R&D in
incumbents,
relevance of
basic science
external
to the firm
and the
sector,
relevance
of applied
science and
cooperative
R&D
external to
the firm,
internal to
the sector,
relevance of
machinery
acquisition
Appropriability
of innovation
returns (and
market structure)
low (perfect or
monopolistic
competition);
based on
standards,
copyright,
design
high
(oligopolistic
competition);
based on
patents, secrecy
low (low
entry
barriers);
based on
patents,
copyright
low
(collaborative
monopolistic
competition);
based on
trademarks
Technological
opportunities
variable
medium/low
very high,
uncertain
low
Degree of
cumula-tiveness
low
high
low
high
Knowledge-
base
broad,
diversified
narrow,
targeted,
specialized
broad,
research-
based
narrow,
specialized
along the
filière
