Second Generation Controlled Current Conveyors (CCCII) and Their Applications - Current Conveyors: Variants, Applications and Hardware Implementations - page 265

I B2 −L

I B1
X Z−
DO-CCCII

I 1

I 2

I 1

V 1

Z−
DO-CCCII

X

I 2

V 2 Z+

V 1 V 2

Y Z+ Y

C

Fig. 9.22 Current-controlled floating negative inductance

capacitance. By a straight forward analysis, the circuit of Fig. 9.23a has the input
impedance given by:

Z 1 Z 2
R x 3

Z in ¼ R x1 þ R x2 þ ð 9 : 23 Þ

From this expression, it is seen that with Z 1 ¼ R 2 , the circuit can

realize a resistance in series with a grounded capacitor whose value is
electronically-controllable by the external current I B3 . On the other hand, with Z 1
and Z 2 both taken as capacitors, the circuit would realize a resistance in series with
a grounded FDNR whose value would be controllable by I B3 .
A floating capacitance multiplier employing grounded capacitor is shown in
Fig. 9.23b . This circuit simulates a floating capacitance in series with a resistance
with parameter values as C eq ¼

1/sC 1 and Z 2 ¼

C 1 R x 4

( R x 1 + R x 2 ).
Synthetic transformer may be useful element for constructing stagger-tuned
filters. Compared to passive transformers, an active transformer provides the
advantages of integratability, easy adjustment of the coupling co-efficient and
elimination of any magnetic interference (because they do not employ any induc-
tive component). A circuit using CCCIIs, to simulate a synthetic transformer,
derived from a circuit proposed by Yuce and Minaei [ 21 ], is shown in Figs. 9.24
and 9.27
This circuit is equivalent to an inductive-T network with two self-inductances L 1
and L 2 and mutual inductance M such that the two ports can be modeled by the
following matrix equation:

R x 3 and R eq ¼

¼

I 1
I 2

V 1
V 2

sL p sM 12

ð 9 : 24 Þ

sM 21 sL s