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a
V 1
I B2
I B1
X
Z+
X
R x1
I 1
R x2
Z+
Y
Y
I B3
Z+
Y
R x3
X
Z 2
Z 1
b
I B4
I B1
I 1
Y
Z+
Z+
Y
V 1
R x1
R x4
C
X
X
I B3
I B2
Z+
Z+
X
R x3
R x2
I 2
Y
X
Y
Z−
V 2
Fig. 9.23 Electronically-controllable Resistance, FDNR and capacitance simulators (Adapted
from [ 20 ] © 1999 Elsevier) (a) Circuit for floating FDNR simulation (b) Circuit for floating
capacitance multiplier
where L p ¼
L 1 +M 11 and L s ¼
L 2 +M 22 . The various equivalent inductances are
given by:
L 1 ¼
R x 1 R x 2 C 1 ;
L 2 ¼
R x 3 R x 4 C 2 ;
M 11 ¼
M 12 ¼
R x 2 R 5 C 1 and M 21 ¼
M 22
¼
R x 4 R 5 C 2
ð
9
:
25
Þ
It may be noted that the only a single resistor R 5 is used in the circuit which can be
replaced by another CCCII+ configured as a current-controlled resistor.
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