Hardware Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 8.25 CCII+ based
square wave generator
proposed by Abuelma
'
atti
and Al-Absi [
17
]
V
0
C
0
X
R
2
Z
CCII+
Y
R
1
a
b
V
0
i
X1
R
s
i
Z1
X1
V
satH
V
X1
CCII+(1)
Z1
Y1
V
in
V
Y1
R
s
R
2
R
1
R
3
) V
satH
(1−
V
in
0
V
T
i
Z2
Y2
b
R
s
R
2
R
1
R
3
V
0
CCII+(2)
i
X2
−(1−
) V
satL
Z2
a
X2
R
3
R
2
−V
satL
R
1
c
V
Output
Input
+V
in
+V
0
0
t
−V
0
−V
in
Fig. 8.26 Schmitt trigger/pulse squaring circuit proposed by Srinivasulu (Adapted from [
19
]
©
2010 Wiley) (a) The circuit (b) its transfer characteristic (c) input/output waveforms of the trigger
circuit (d) Sine wave form input and square wave output: x-axis 5 ms/div and y-axix 5 V/div. (e)
Experimentally observed hysteresis characteristics
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