Glossary - Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies - page 481

Glossary E

A
Accommodation Facilities for the lodging of visitors at a destination.
The most common forms are hotels, motels, campgrounds, bed and
breakfasts (B&Bs), dormitories, hostels, and the homes of friends and
relatives.
Adventure travel A form of travel in which the perception (and often
the reality) of heightened risk creates a special appeal to certain
segments of the travel market. Examples include whitewater rafting
and mountaineering.
Af nity group A group bound together by a common interest or
af nity. Where charters are concerned, this common bond makes them
eligible for charter flights. Persons must have been members of the
group for six months or longer. Where a group con guration on a flight
is concerned, the minimum number of persons to which the termwould
apply may be any number determined by a carrier rulemaking body.
They must travel together, on the departure and return flight, but they
can travel independently where ground arrangements are concerned.
Agreement, bilateral An agreement regulating commercial air ser-
vices between two countries.
Agreement, multilateral An agreement regulating commercial air
services between three or more countries.
Airline Reporting Corporation (ARC) A corporation set up by the
domestic airlines that is concerned with travel agent appointments and
operations.
Air Transport Association of America (ATA or ATAA)

infrastructure and superstructure of the destination, as well as the
culture of its people, the information and technology they use, the
culture they have developed, and the system of governance that
regulates their behaviors.

C
Cabotage The ability of an air carrier to carry passengers exclusively
between two points in a foreign country.
Carbon footprint

s actions and lifestyle have on
the environment in terms of carbon dioxide emissions.
Carrier A public transportation company, such as air or steamship
line, railroad, truck, bus, monorail, and so on.
Carrier-participating A carrier over whose routes one or more sections
of carriage under the air waybill or ticket is undertaken or performed.
Carrying capacity The number of flights multiplied by the number of
aircraft seats flown. Also the amount of tourism a destination can
handle.
Charter The bulk purchase of any carrier's equipment (or part thereof)
for passengers or freight. Legally, charter transportation is arranged for
time, voyage, or mileage.
Charter

The effect that one '

c
group of people who generally belong to the same organization or who
are being

flight A flight booked exclusively for the use of a speci

flights are
generally much cheaper than regularly scheduled line services. They
may be carried out by scheduled or supplemental carriers.
Clients Those persons who patronize travel agencies, travel suppliers,
and destinations.
Climate The meteorological conditions, including temperature, pre-
cipitation, and wind, that prevail at, or within, a tourism region.
Code sharing An agreement between two airlines that allows the rst
carrier to use the airline designation code on a flight operated by the
second carrier.
Concierge This is a wonderful European invention. Depending on the
hotel, the concierge is a superintendent of service, source of informa-
tion, and/or link between the guest and city or area.
Conservation Management of human use of the environment to yield
the greatest sustainable bene t to current generations while main-
taining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of future
generations.
Consolidator A travel firm that makes available airplane tickets,
cruise tickets, and sometimes other travel products at discount prices.
These are usually sold to retail travel agencies but are also sometimes
sold directly to the public.
Consortium A privately owned

'' treated '' to the flight by a single host. Charter

The authoritative

trade association maintained by domestic airlines.
Alliances Associations to further the common interests of the parties
involved.
Allocentric tourist Outgoing and self-con

dent tourist who wants to
see the world and do new things. The wish is to experience culture,
lifestyle, and landscape that is totally different from their home place.
Also called venturers.
American plan A room rate that includes breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
Attractions Facilities developed especially to provide residents and
visitors with entertainment, activity, learning, socializing, and other
forms of stimulation that make a region or destination a desirable and
enjoyable place.

B
Balance of payments or trade Practical de nition of an economic
concept. Each nation is assumed to be one tremendous business doing
business with other big businesses. When a business (country) sells
(exports) more than it buys (imports), there is a positive balance of
payments. When a country buys (imports) more than it sells (exports),
there is a negative balance of trade. Tourism is a part of balance of trade
classi

firm (not owned by its members
as is a cooperative) that maintains a list of preferred suppliers. This list
is made available to members, resulting in superior commissions
earned.

ed under services.
Built environment The components or activities within a tourism
destination that have been created by humans. These include the