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16.3
Linking Factors to Theories
In this section, we describe how the interpretation of the factors found in the
previous section reflects ideas found in theories from (social) psychology (step 7
from Fig.
16.1
). Based on the theories discussed in this section, in the following
section we present a meta-theory that describes concepts relevant to the interactions
in police interviews. The factors describing interpersonal attitudes are taken together
in Sect.
16.3.1
on stance; the factors linked to face and politeness are discussed in
Sect.
16.3.2
; the factors linked to rapport are captured in Sect.
16.3.3
. Additionally,
two meta-concepts—
information
and
strategy
—were added to accommodate for
the concepts that surfaced in the interpretation of the factor analysis but did not
fit easily in a theory. Factors relating to information exchange are discussed in
Sect.
16.3.4
and factors linked to strategy are discussed in Sect.
16.3.5
. In each of
the subsections, we describe the relation between these collections of factors and the
theories from (social) psychology, including the concepts underlying those theories
(step 8 from Fig.
16.1
). We provide examples from the corpus and address work
done with virtual agents and the mentioned theories. Also, we give some examples
of systems using the concepts.
16.3.1
Interpersonal Stance
Several interpreted factors for both the suspect (1, 3 and 4 from Table
16.2
) and
the police (4, 5, 7 and possibly 6 from Table
16.3
) are related to the attitude the
suspect and the police officer have toward each other. Taken together, these factors
sketch the outlines of
Leary's Rose
, a model for interpersonal behaviour (Leary
1957
). Leary's Rose represents such behaviour in categories of interpersonal stance
on the dimensions of affect (
x
-axis) and power (
y
-axis), see Fig.
16.2
a. That is, the
underlying concepts of Leary's Rose are part of these axes: the opposing concepts of
dominance and submission constitute power, and the opposing concepts of feeling
together (positive affect) or feeling opposed (negative affect) constitute affect.
Theories similar to Leary's Rose are known under names such as the Inter-
personal Checklist (LaForge and Suczek
1955
) and the interpersonal circumplex
(Rouckhout and Schacht
2000
), but the differences are often superficial. The model
is often pictured as an ordering of the stances on a circle, situated on the two axes,
which is called a circumplex. The circumplex can be divided into eight areas: these
are interpersonal stances. The circumplex shows that stances that are close together
are more related than those that are further apart on the circle, with opposites being
negatively related (Fig.
16.2
a). Leary suggests that human stances are affected by
the interaction with the conversational partner. This means that two conversational
partners influence each other with their stance during a dialogue. Leary calls
these interactions “interpersonal reflexes” and asserts that acts on the dominance
dimension are complementary while acts on the affect dimension are symmetric.
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