Automated Measurement and Monitoring of Bioprocesses: Key Elements of the M3C Strategy - Measurement, Monitoring, Modelling, and Control of Bioprocesses - page 20

(a)
(b)
Fig. 2 Minimal schematic sketch of (a) flow injection analysis (FIA) and (b) sequential injection
analysis (SIA) setups. Many extensions to these very basic setups are conceivable, such as a
dilution section (Fig. 3 )
variants of flow analytical approaches: continuous flow, segmented flow, flow
injection, segmented injection, and bead injection.
Almeida et al. [ 79 ] exploited several FIA options for online analysis of cutinase
activity in a single setup: sampling, dilution, clarification by a micro- or ultrafilter,
and reaction. Bracewell et al. [ 80 ] linked an optical biosensor (dual channel to
compensate for unspecific reactions) with an FIA to the bioprocess. Haouz and
Stieg [ 81 ] reported the use of copolymerized glucose oxidase and lactate oxidase
for simultaneous quantification of glucose and lactic acid on top of an oxygen
electrode mounted in an FIA system, which could be used continuously for up to
3 months. With an FIA system containing enzymes immobilized in highly porous
agarose, Nandakumar et al. [ 82 ] monitored intracellular b-galactosidase (as a
reporter enzyme for cellular activities) with a cycle time of 13 min, and glucose
plus cell density with a cycle time of 3 min.
An SIA was employed by Horstkotte et al. [ 83 ] for monitoring of sorbitol in
mixed feed cultivations of Pichia. No crosstalk of methanol was observed, and the
achievable frequency was quite high at 17 analyses per hour. An interesting trick