Perceptions of Teaching in Students and in Teachers' Point of View: Implications on Students' Learning Skills in Higher Education - New Contributions in Information Systems and Technologies - page 243

the curriculum of the CU). Assessment is continuous, monitored with regulatory
function, and the teacher was available, in person or via email, to clarify any doubt
the students had.
The grid used in classroom observation was adapted from the dimensions of the
AVENA

1

project, whose theoretical reference listed four areas: education,
assessment, learning and classroom environment. In this article, we present and
discuss only the data concerning education and, specifically, the category
“Perceptions of Teaching”.
There was data in the grid corresponding to 20 hours of classes' observation, a
semi-structured interview to the teacher and a focus group interview with five of the
students who agreed to participate in the research. Both students and teacher validated
the interviews after transcription.
These materials were subjected to a brief coding and double-coding and
identification of the two indicators in the category: “Teacher-centred teaching” and
“Student-centred teaching”. The content analysis and its categorization [13], [14] was
performed with the use of the qualitative research software webQDA [15]. The
encoding and double-coding performed with two months apart had a reliability index
of 0.67, which would be expected, according to Miles and Huberman [16]. The
double-coding was performed by two external researchers to the study, had a
reliability index of 0.73 and 0.58, correspondingly.
As mark Lessard-Hébert and colleagues [17] point out, the demand for
synchronous loyalty can become very stimulating for the researcher, since it forces
the researcher to reflect on the fact that slightly different results can be
simultaneously true.
In the category “Perceptions of Teaching” were associated two indicators,
"Teacher-centred teaching" and "Student-centred teaching", as we can see in Table 2.

Table 2. Definition of the indicators of the category "perceptions of teaching"

Category Indicators Definitions

Teacher-centred
teaching

Comments that suggest the centralization of the
teaching process in the teacher.

Perceptions of
teaching

Student-centred
teaching

Comments that suggest the centralization of the
teaching process in the student.

Thus, in the category “Perceptions of Teaching”, we understand all responses
created with reference to the centralization of the teaching process on the teacher (T)
or on the student (St) and that includes the following indicators: “Teacher-centred
teaching”, when comments indicate the centralization process on the teacher;
“Student-centred teaching” when comments indicate the teaching process centred on
the student.
1 Project FCT Evaluation, Teaching and Learning In Higher Education in Portugal and in
Brazil: Realities and Perspectives (AVENA) (PTDC/CPE-CED/114318/2009). This project
concerns 4 Portuguese HEI: Universidade de Lisboa, Universidade do Minho, Universidade
de Coimbra e Universidade de Évora ; and 3 Brazilian HEI: Universidade do Estado do Pará,
Universidade da Amazónia e Universidade de São Paulo .