Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 11.2: Thermodynamic properties of seawater. Values in kJ/mol
H
f i
G
f i
b
chi
Substance
x
i
[-]
H
2
O
9.80E-01
-286.0
-237.3
0.79
Cl
9.98E-03
-167.2
-131.3
-69.2
Na
+
8.57E-03
-240.2
-262.0
74.6
Mg
2+
9.65E-04
-467.1
-455.0
174.6
SO4
2
5.16E-04
-909.7
-745.0
-129.8
Ca
2+
1.88E-04
-543.1
-553.8
170.0
K
+
1.87E-04
-252.5
-283.4
83.2
HCO
3
3.20E-05
-692.3
-587.1
-52.9
Br
1.54E-05
-121.6
-104.0
-53.5
F
1.24E-05
-332.8
-279.0
-0.9
B(OH)
3
5.67E-06
-1072.8
-969.3
19.4
CO
2
3
4.93E-06
-677.5
-528.1
-111.9
B(OH)
4
1.83E-06
-1344.7
-1153.9
-45.1
Sr
2+
1.64E-06
-547.2
-560.0
198.8
SUM
1.00
The average standard enthalpy, Gibbs free energy and chemical exergy of sea-
water (sw) are subsequently:
(H
f
)
sw
= 284:9 kJ/mol
(G
0
f
)
sw
= 237:31 kJ/mol
(b
0
ch
)
sw
= 0:57 kJ/mol
The average standard thermodynamic properties of rivers, according to the com-
position given by Livingstone (1963) are shown in Table 11.3.
Table 11.3: Thermodynamic properties of average rivers. Values in kJ/mol
H
f i
G
f i
b
chi
Substance
x
i
[-]
H
2
O
1.00E+00
-286.0
-237.2
0.79
HCO3
1.72E-05
-692.3
-586.9
-52.9
Ca
2+
6.74E-06
-543.1
-553.5
170.0
Na
+
4.93E-06
-240.2
-261.9
74.6
Cl
3.96E-06
-167.2
-131.0
-69.2
SiO
2
3.92E-06
-911.4
-856.7
174.6
Mg
+2
3.04E-06
-467.1
-454.8
174.6
SO4
2
2.10E-06
-909.7
-774.5
-129.8
K
+
1.06E-06
-252.5
-283.3
83.2
Continued on next page :::
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