Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 8.3: Energy requirements for the production of different mineral com-
modities
Energy requirements, GJ/t
CO
2
emissions, tCO
2
/t
Metal
Mining
&
Benef.
Source
Smelt.
& Re-
fin.
Source
Whole
pro-
cess
Source
Sec.
Prod.
Source
Prim.
Prod.
Source
Sec.
Prod.
Source
Yttrium
1,007.3
-
1,498.9
(Koltun and
Tharumarajah,
2008)
129.9 -
154.9
(Koltun
and
Tharu-
mara-
jah,
2008)
Zinc
1.49
(IPPC, 2002)
40.4
(IPPC, 2002)
25
(Barkas, 2009)
2.3
(Fthenakis
et al.,
2007)
48
(Norgate et al.,
2007)
24
(Grimes et al.,
2008)
18
(Grimes
et al.,
2008)
2.36
(Grimes
et al.,
2008)
1.4
(Grimes
et al.,
2008)
Zirconium
738.5
(Botero, 2000)
633
(Botero, 2000)
1,372
(Kellogg, 1977)
End of the table
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