Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER
8
Enzymes
OUTLINE
8.1. How Enzymes Work
327
8.3.1.2. Surface
Immobilization
356
8.2. Enzyme Kinetics
334
8.3.2. Electrostatic and Steric Effects
in Immobilized Enzyme
Systems
8.2.1. Introduction
334
8.2.2. Mechanistic Models for Simple
Enzyme Kinetics
358
335
8.4. Analysis of Bioprocess with
Enzymatic Reactions
8.2.2.1. The Fast Equilibrium
Step Assumption
359
336
8.2.2.2. The Pseudosteady-
State Hypothesis
8.5. Large-Scale Production
of Enzymes
337
366
8.2.3. Specific Activity
338
8.2.4. Models for More Complex
Enzyme Kinetics
8.6. Medical and Industrial Utilization
of Enzymes
339
368
8.2.4.1. Kinetics of
Multisubstrate
Reactions
8.7. Kinetic Approximation: Why
MichaeliseMenten
Equation Works 371
8.7.1. Pseudosteady-State Hypothesis 376
8.7.2. Fast Equilibrium Step
Approximation
339
8.2.4.2. Allosteric Enzymes
344
8.2.4.3. Inhibited Enzyme
kinetics 344
8.2.5. Effects of pH and Temperature 350
8.2.5.1. pH Effects
379
8.7.3. Modified Fast Equilibrium
Approximation
350
381
8.2.5.2. Temperature Effects
352
8.2.6. Insoluble Substrates
353
8.8. Summary
383
8.3. Immobilized Enzyme Systems
354
Problems
384
8.3.1. Methods of Immobilization
355
8.3.1.1. Entrapment
355
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