Digital Signal Processing Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure (5-12): Land Uses Edko Catchment-Lake System
5.5.6.
Water Quality Problems
The problem of surface water quality in the selected watershed includes the pollution of the drainage
network and the northern lake Edko. As part of the Nile Delta, the watershed suffers from different
pollution sources due to different human activities. The drainage network is subjected to point sources
in the form of industrial waste discharges and secondary wastewater treatment plant disposals into the
drainage network at different locations. Non-point source pollution occurs due to the fertilizers and
pesticides applied in agriculture, in addition to domestic wastewater disposal and untreated waste
disposal into the drainage network. Drainage water reuse is extensively carried out in the watershed
through the presence of four reuse pumping stations. One of these reuse pumping stations discharges
reuse water into Mahmoudia canal, which is the main source of drinking water for Alexandria city.
The northern lake Edko could be defined as a coastal lagoon. It suffers from excessive vegetation
growth and eutrophication due to the excess of nutrients discharged into the lake, in addition to other
sources of pollution which are mainly: untreated waste water, industrial waste water from different
industries and salt water entering from Bugaz channel connected to the sea which is full of industrial
untreated wastes dumped to the Mediterranean sea during tidal periods. The main pollution problem in
the lake water in addition to the nutrients is the contamination of the water with fecal bacteria.
According to El-Shennawy et al (2000) it was
found that there is a prevalence of indicator bacteria
including coliform bacteria, e-coli and fecal streptococci as well as some other pathogens. This is
considered a threat to the human health of citizens living in the lake area and depending on fishing and
aquaculture for their daily living.
Water quality data from monitoring points in the catchment is collected on a monthly basis; raw data
for water quality parameters is available for the period from 1999 -2005. For the lake there is no fixed
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