Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
5.1 The ADDIE model and the
program improvement model
The program improvement model is ultimately derived from
the familiar ADDIE model. The phases of the ADDIE model
are
A
nalyze,
D
esign,
D
evelop,
I
mplement, and
E
valuate.
These phases are sequential - each depends upon the
successful completion of the preceding phase. Moreover, the
ADDIE model is an iterative feedback model, which means
that the results of the Evaluation phase are fed back, closing
the loop, facilitating further refi nement of the program. If
the evaluation shows that a training module has shortcomings
- for example, that the objectives of the program do not
align with organizational objectives - those shortcomings
are fed back to be analyzed again. Further design and
development efforts follow, until the program meets
organizational needs (Figure 5.1).
The ADDIE model is scalable to all size pharmaceutical,
biopharm, and medical device companies. The model can be
scaled to various size organizations, and can be fi tted to the
particular needs of a specifi c department within the
organization on a case-by-case basis, or by an overall decision.
As an example of a particular case, once a problem has been
identifi ed, investigated, and subjected to a CAPA plan, the
decision may be made in the Analysis phase of the ADDIE
model to forego the needs analysis of employees' skills and
dispositions - these attributes may be well-known and
documented, requiring no further analysis. Thus management
makes the decision to limit the Analysis phase to a task
analysis, that is, to the tasks that have been revised and must
be integrated into the learning plans of the affected personnel.
As another example, management may make the overall
decision to forego Pilot Implementation - and the associated
Formative Evaluation - and roll out the program directly. In
