Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
already been implemented. Examples are traffic restrictions during pollution
episodes, improvements of public transport and reductions of industrial emissions.
The measures already implemented cover the most important source categories.
With the experience gained from other critical areas, it may be beneficial to expand
the existing measures for reducing the share of diesel vehicles and to implement
further traffic restrictions and pedestrian zones, to stimulate the early uptake
of Euro 6/VI vehicles and to apply measures for construction sites and off-road
machinery.
7.2.8 Sofia, Bulgaria
The main sources of PM
10
in Sofia, according to the air quality plan and the
notifications of time extensions, are traffic and industry.
Suggestions for concrete measures are hampered by the lack of precise data on
the share of different sources. Nevertheless it can be stated that the use of private
cars has strongly increased in recent years, the share of bicycles is rather low
and the vehicle fleet is aged. Therefore, as a first step, datasets should be improved
with respect to emissions, the share of different sources and activity data (especially
private cars and buses as well as industry and domestic heating). Based on these
data, actions should be implemented to address the main source categories.
7.2.9 Stuttgart, Germany
According to the source apportionment, the main source for PM
10
and NO
2
on a local
level is traffic. A low emission zone has been introduced, and heavy duty vehicles
have been banned from the city. Further action might be taken to tighten the
requirements for the low emission zone, stimulating the early uptake of Euro 6/VI
vehicles and introducing measures to increase the share of non-motorised traffic.
7.3 Action on EU Level
7.3.1 Traffic Measures
For compliance with NO
2
limit values, low real-world emissions in urban areas
(of Euro 5/V and especially Euro 6/VI vehicles) will be very important. Recent
findings have shown that emissions of HDVs equipped with SCR might be higher
than expected under urban driving conditions [
9
]. Therefore it has to be ensured
that emission levels are low under real-world conditions. As regulations concerning
general vehicle standards require extensive negotiations, voluntary agreements
and guidance for the public procurement of these vehicles might be a more feasible
option.
