Road Traffic: A Major Source of Particulate Matter in Europe - Urban Air Quality in Europe - page 170

Table 1 Receptor modelled contributions of road traffic reported for different metrics and backgrounds
Country code Study City Background Metric Traffic sources Contribution (%)

CHE Bukowiecki et al. [ 33 ] Zurich Traffic PM 10 Exhaust 41

Non-exhaust 38

CZE Thimmaiah et al. [ 36 ] Prague Urban N Exhaust and non-exhaust 34.2

St ¨ lzel [ 37 ] DEU Dresden Urban PM 10 Exhaust and non-exhaust 36

DEU Quass et al. [ 38 ] Duisburg Urban PM 10 Exhaust and non-exhaust 36

DEU Gerwig [ 39 ] Dresden Urban PM 2.5 Exhaust and non-exhaust 43

DEU Vallius et al. [ 40 ] Erfurt Urban PM 2.5 Exhaust and non-exhaust 36

DEU Yue et al. [ 41 ] Erfurt Urban N Exhaust and non-exhaust 78

DEU Beuck et al. [ 42 ] M¨ lheim-Styrum Urban PM 10 Non-exhaust 8

DEU Eifel Mountains Rural PM 10 Non-exhaust 2

ESP Querol et al. [ 34 ] Barcelona Urban PM 10 Exhaust and non-exhaust 32

ESP Rodr´guez et al. [ 43 ] Barcelona Urban PM 2.5 Exhaust and non-exhaust 49

ESP Querol et al. [ 44 ] Madrid Traffic PM 10 Exhaust and non-exhaust 34

ESP Viana et al. [ 45 ] Albacete Urban PM 2.5 Exhaust and non-exhaust 39

ESP Barcelona Urban PM 2.5 Exhaust and non-exhaust 53

ESP Galdakao Urban PM 2.5 Exhaust and non-exhaust 44

ESP Huelva Urban PM 2.5 Exhaust and non-exhaust 35

ESP Oviedo Urban PM 2.5 Exhaust and non-exhaust 41

ESP Nicol´s et al. [ 46 ] Elche Urban PM 10 Exhaust and non-exhaust 13

ESP Amato et al. [ 32 ] Barcelona Urban PM 10 Exhaust 30

PM 2.5 Exhaust 43

PM 1 Exhaust 46

PM 10 Non-exhaust 16

PM 2.5 Non-exhaust 8

PM 1 Non-exhaust 2

ESP Pey et al. [ 47 ] Barcelona Urban N Exhaust and non-exhaust 65

FRA Gaimoz et al. [ 48 ] Paris Urban VOCs Exhaust and non-exhaust 22

GBR Yin et al. [ 49 ] Birmingham Urban PM 2.5 Exhaust and non-exhaust 35