Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
g/m
3
]
g/m
3
]
Concentration of dust resulting from road transport [
m
Concentration of ec resulting from road transport [
m
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.1
2.4
2.7 3.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Concentration of no3a resulting from road transport [
m
g/m
3
]
Concentration of pom resulting from road transport [
m
g/m
3
]
Fig. 2 Absolute contributions from road traffic to dust, EC, nitrate and primary organic matter
(pom) modelled by the LOTOS EUROS
ranged from 14% to 48% of PM
10
and from 9% to 49% of PM
2.5
in urban areas, and
from 1% to 4% of PM
10
andfrom5%to7%ofPM
2.5
in rural areas (see Table
1
and
references therein), a geographic trend has not been observed for the different
European regions and the contribution is mostly governed by the traffic volume.
Recently, this tool has been applied to particle concentrations in terms of number,
obtaining contributions of up to 78% of total particle number in urban areas [
41
].
Some studies have included organic compounds in particulate or gaseous phase
[Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and PAHs] to distinguish between diesel
and gasoline vehicles [
48
,
49
].
State-of-the-art methods include the combination of source apportionment
models with high time-resolved source apportionment techniques for organic
aerosols datasets using the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS), obtaining
contributions from primary organic emissions from traffic [
60
,
61
].
