Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
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Figure 23.36
European Pleistocene Landscape with
Homo erectus
Recreation of a Pleistocene
setting in Europe in which members of
Homo erectus
are using fi re and stone tools.
a variety of specialized stone tools and weapons. Further-
more, archaeological evidence indicates that Neanderthals
commonly took care of their injured and buried their dead,
frequently with such grave items as tools, food, and perhaps
even fl owers (Figure 23.37).
About 30,000 years ago, humans closely resembling
modern Europeans moved into the region inhabited by
Neanderthals and completely replaced them.
Cro-Magnons
(
Neanderthals in France, lived from about 35,000 to
10,000 years ago; during this period, the development of
art and technology far exceeded anything the world had
seen before. Using paints made from manganese and iron
oxides, Cro-Magnon people painted hundreds of scenes on
the ceilings and walls of caves in France and Spain, where
many of them are still preserved today. Cro-Magnons were
also skilled nomadic hunters, following the herds in their
seasonal migrations. They used a variety of specialized tools
◗
Figure 23.38), the name given to the successors of
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Figure 23.37
Pleistocene Cave Setting with Neanderthals Archaeological evidence indicates that
Neanderthals lived in caves and participated in ritual burials, as depicted in this painting of a burial
ceremony such as occurred approximately 60,000 years ago at Shanidar Cave, Iraq.
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