Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 6.3. Recommended dietary levels of energy, key amino acids, calcium and phosphorus for lactating sows
during a 21 d lactation period (90% feed dry matter content).
1
Parity
1
2+
Post-farrowing body weight (kg)
175
210
Litter size
11
11.5
Mean daily weight gain of nursing pigs (g)
190
230
270
190
230
270
Anticipated sow body weight change (kg)
1.5
-7.7
-17.4
3.7
-5.8
-15.9
Estimated feed intake + 5% feed wastage (kg/d)
5.95
5.95
5.93
6.61
6.61
6.61
Effective ME (kcal/kg)
2
3,300
3,300
3,300
3,300
3,300
3,300
NE (kcal/kg)
2
2,518
2,518
2,518
2,518
2,518
2,518
SID lysine (%)
3
0.83
0.89
0.96
0.79
0.87
0.92
SID methionine (%)
0.22
0.23
0.25
0.21
0.23
0.24
SID methionine + cysteine (%)
0.43
0.47
0.52
0.42
0.45
0.50
SID threonine (%)
0.52
0.56
0.61
0.51
0.54
0.58
SID tryptophan (%)
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.14
0.17
0.18
SID isoleucine (%)
0.45
0.50
0.54
0.44
0.47
0.52
SID valine (%)
0.70
0.76
0.81
0.67
0.73
0.78
Total calcium (%)
0.69
0.78
0.88
0.66
0.75
0.84
STTD
d
phosphorus (%)
4
0.34
0.40
0.44
0.33
0.37
0.42
1
Values are derived from NRC (2012), but a 10% safety margin is added for amino acids, calcium and STTP phosphorus to account for inaccuracies
in feed preparation and in estimated sow performance levels.
2
Dietary energy contents relate to corn and soybean meal based diets. Effective metabolizable energy (ME) contents are calculated from net
energy (NE) contents using fixed conversion values for sows. For corn and soybean meal based diets the effective ME content is similar to the
actual ME content. The optimum dietary energy content varies with availability and cost of local ingredients. When using alternative ingredients,
it is suggested that diets be formulated based on NE contents and nutrient levels be adjusted to maintain constant nutrient-to-energy ratios.
3
SID = Standardized ileal digestible.
4
STTD = Standardized total tract digestible.
6.4
Amino acid feeding
6.4.1
Methods of expressing amino acid needs: total, apparent ileal
digestible, standardized ileal digestible, bioavailable
Total requirement
In regions where corn and soybean meal constitute common sources of energy and
protein, the benefit of expressing requirements on a digestible basis versus total basis
is far less compared with other regions and countries that use other grains and protein
sources. This is largely attributed to the fact that many of the studies that have estimated
the lysine requirement for sows have done so using diets based on corn and soybean
meal. Because the bioavailability of amino acids across feed ingredients varies widely,
