what-when-how
In Depth Tutorials and Information
Classical
Engineering
Resilient
Engineering
Robust
Engineering
Example:
Air Trac
Control
Example:
Construction
Example:
Crisis
Management
Figure 13.5
Different types of engineering. (From Pavard, B., Dugdale, J.,
Saoud,N.B.-B.,Darcy,S.,andSalembier,P.(2006),PaperpresentedatResilience
Engineering,JuanlesPins,France.8-10Nov,2006.Paperavailablefromhttp://
www.resilienceengineering.org/)
Table 13.1
Differences
Between
STWT
and
Cognitive
Walkthrough
STWT
Cognitive walkthrough
Evaluator
Whole group of participants
Single
Questions
Open questions
Not open questions
Source
:
Thomas Herrmann et al. Sociotechnical walkthrough: Designing technol-
ogy along work processes.
Proc. Participatory Design Conference 2004
,
Toronto, Canada, July 27-31.
Obviously, there are many similarities between STWT and cognitive walk-
through [13]. However, there are also some main diferences between them: he
cognitive walkthrough is a method for usability inspection of interactive systems.
he evaluator acts as a user and walks through all the possible steps, then gives the
feedback. At each step, the evaluator should answer a set of prepared questions,
such as: “Have I achieved the desired result?” and “What are the next possible
steps of dialogue?” he answers of the evaluator for those questions can help to
improve the interactive system. he similarity happens in STWT, which inspects
the model of a sociotechnical system step by step. At each step, there is also a
set of prepared questions to be answered. However, the difference from cogni-
tive walkthrough is the evaluator is not a single person, but the whole group of
participants. he prepared questions in STWT are open ones, such as: “What
is the next sensible activity?” and “Which information is needed to support this
activity?” “How will this activity be changed?” and “Which questions have yet to
be answered and when?” Table 13.1 shows the differences between STWT and
cognitive walkthrough.
he product of the STWT is a series of diagrams, which can describe the
structure of a sociotechnical system. hese diagrams can be used as the basis of
