Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
treatment with 1.2 l ha
-1
of fungicide Opus team (epoksikonazol 84 g l
-1
+ fenpropimorf 250 g
l
-1
) was applied only in variant 3 on August 20 (2010), August 15 in 2011 and August 12 in
2012. In mid-September was performed the visual assessment of
C. beticola
Sacc. pathogens
presence and leaf damages using the scale Kleinwanzlebener Cercospora Tafel with a grade
from 0 to 5.
The harvest was carried out in mid (16-18) October. After harvest the samples were taken
to determine the root yield and quality. Using standard methods were determined the content
of sugar, potassium, sodium and alpha-amino nitrogen (AmN) in the laboratory "Venema".
Sugar content was determined by saccharimeter by cold digestion, the content of potassium
and sodium via flame photometer and AmN content was determined by colorimetric method
"blue number". Sugar yield and sugar content in molasses was determined according to
Braunschweiger formula (Buchholz and associates, 1995).
The obtained data were processed by modern statistical methods (variance analysis) using
computer programs for each year separately and the total for all three years. The year in
which the experiments were carried out with each other were significantly differ by weather
conditions.
Two years were dry with below-average monthly precipitation, and one (2010) was damp
with 654 mm of rainfall in vegetation, which is even more than the average 244 mm/year.
Particularly unfavorable for sugar beet growth and development was 2012 year that followed
after dry 2011 as it came with a small reserve of water in the soil, and rainfall in the
vegetation was less than the standard average. Besides, monthly mean temperature in the
vegetation was significantly higher (2-3 °C) than the multi-year average temperature; in July
and August it exceeded 24 °C, which is 6 °C higher than is needed for sugar beet in this
period. During all three years of study in the first part of growing season (from emergence to
the development of maximum leaf area), weather conditions were favorable for steady
emergence and rapid foliage growth. The growth of broad roots significantly varied from year
to year. Lack of precipitations in 2010 and now at the development stage is favorable for
broad root growth, but in 2012 in two months (July, August) the precipitations amounted only
52 mm of rainfall. So little rainfall and very high temperatures almost completely prevented
from the broad roots growth. The remaining two years at this stage provided equal and
average conditions for the mass beets growth. At the stage of maximum sugar concentration,
sugar beet needs little rainfall, only 35-40 mm per month. Poor conditions for maturation
provided in moist 2010 and very dry 2012 thickened the root which was very dehydrated so
precipitation that fell in September and October led only to a dilution of cell sap, and not to
an increase in sugar content. As a result this year extracted beets turned out to be not mature
enough because of high content of sodium and alpha-amino nitrogen.
R
ESEARCH
R
ESULTS
Achieved research results significantly varied depending on the weather conditions
among the years and explored factors, such as the number of fungicide applications in
measures of protection against leaf spot caused by
Cercospora beticola
Sacc. and hybrids.
The impact of these factors will be analyzed through the most important parameters that
determine the results in the production and processing of sugar beet.
