Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1. Hybrids of sugar beet in the study and declared their properties
No.
Hybrid
Company
Type*
Tolerance**
1
Belinda
KWS
Z
R
2
Colonia KWS
KWS
Z
R, Cr
3
Elvis
Strube
Z
R, Cr
4
Sandor
Strube
NZ
R, Cr, Aph
5
Boomerang
SES - Van der Have
N
R, Cr, Rh
6
Giraf
SES - Van der Have
Z
R, Cr
7
Asketa
Syngenta Seed - Hilleshög
Z
R, Cr, Rh
8
Gazeta
Syngenta Seed - Hilleshög
Z
R, Cr, Rh
**R - Rhizomania; Cr - Cercospora beticola Sacc.; Rh - Rhizoctonia solani Kühn;
Aph - Aphanomyces cochlioides Drechsler
* Z = low yield and high sugar („Sweet type“)
N = intermediate in root yield and sugar content („normal type“)
NZ = between the N type and Z type.
We investigated three variants of fungicide application in protecting against pathogen
C.
beticola
Sacc.:
1.
control (not treated)
2.
treated with fungicide one times
3.
treated with fungicide three times
Experiments were set up on the eutric brown soil with the following characteristics:
pH
KCl
- 5.22; pH
H2O
- 6.48; humus content - 2.39%; AL - P
2
O
5
- 21.40 mg/100g soil; AL -
K
2
O - 26.63 mg/100g soil. Size of the basic plots in the experiment was 72 m
2
, and consisted
of 12 rows: width - 6 m, length - 12 m. The rounded plot was 20 m
2
(8 rows = 4 m wide x 5
m long).
Sugar beet sowing was conducted via pneumatic seed drill in the second half of March
with the sowing row of 15.7 cm. Ordinary fertilization for this area was conducted; with the
primary tillage was added up to 500 kg ha
-1
of NPK 5:15:30 and 80 kg ha
-1
of urea, before
sowing was added up to 150 kg ha
-1
of KAN (27% N) and 70 kg ha
-1
of KAN was added in
top- dressing. In total was added up to 121 kg ha
-1
of N
2
, 75 kg ha
-1
of P
2
O
5
and 150 kg ha
-1
of K
2
O. Weed control was obtained by applying herbicides after emergence and hand hoeing
in the stand regulation. Herbicides which were used: Betanal Progress OF (Fenmedifam 9% +
desmedifam 7% + etofumesat 11%) - 0,6 l ha
-1
, Lontrel 300 SL (Klopiralid) - 0,25 l ha
-1
and
Safari WG (Triflusulfuron metil) - 30 g ha
-1
, and combined on many occasions. Pest control
was not necessary as the seeds of hybrids were processed by synthetic insecticide Gaucho FS
600 (imidaklopirid, 600 g l
-1
), which has full protection in sensitive stages of growth and
development of sugar beet. Protection against
C. beticola
Sacc. pathogens was performed
when 10% of leaves showed the presence of symptoms. The first fungicide treatment was
performed on July 7 (2010), August 2 (2011) and July 27 (2012) in variant 2 and 3 with - 0.8
l ha
-1
of Eminent 125 EW (tetrakonazol 125 g l
-1
). The second treatment with 0.4 l ha
-1
of
fungicide Sphera 535 EC (trifloksistrobin 375 g l
-1
+ ciprokonazol 160 g l
-1
) was performed
on July 28 (2010), August 22 (2011) and August 20 (2012) only in variant 3. The third
