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be calculated, provided that
F
t
,
Rd
is determined from
F
t
,
Rd
=
0.72
f
ub
A
s
/γ
M
2
,
(9.9)
which results from the insertion of a reduction factor of 0.8 into equation 9.8.
Some methods for determining prying forces in T-stub connections are given in
[13-15].
9.6.3 Bearing bolts in shear and tension
Testresults[9]forbearingboltsinshearandtensionsuggestacircularinteraction
relationship (Figure 9.18) for the strength limit state. EC3-1-8 [1] uses a more
conservativeinteractionbetweenshearandtension,whichcanbeexpressedinthe
form of equations 9.6, 9.8, and
F
v
,
Ed
F
v
,
Rd
+
F
t
,
Ed
1.4
F
t
,
Rd
≤
1
(9.10)
where
F
v
,
Rd
istheshearresistancewhenthereisnotension,and
F
t
,
Rd
isthetension
resistance when there is no shear.
9.6.4 Bolts in bearing
Itisnowcommonlythecasethatboltmaterialsareofmuchhigherstrengthsthan
those of the steel plates or elements through which the bolts pass. As a result of
1.0
Circular [9]
0.8
0.6
Equation 9.10
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.2 0.4
0.6 0.8 1.0
Shear ratio
F
v
,
Ed
/F
v
,
Rd
Figure 9.18
Bearing bolts in shear and tension.
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