Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
be. marked. on. plates. of. approved. design. and. supplied. and. securely. afixed. by. the.
owner.of.the.building,.or.their.duly.authorized.agent,.in.a.conspicuous.place.in.each.
space.to.which.they.relate..Such.plates.must.not.be.removed.or.defaced.but,.if.lost,.
removed,.or.defaced,.shall.be.replaced.by.the.owner.or.his.or.her.agent.
Every.stairway.and.ladderway.loor.opening.must.be.guarded.by.standard.railings.
with.standard.toeboards.on.all.exposed.sides.except.at.the.entrance..For.infrequently.
used.stairways,.the.guard.may.consist.of.a.hinged.cover.and.removable.standard.rail-
ings..The.entrance.to.ladderway.openings.must.be.guarded.to.prevent.a.person.from.
walking.directly.into.the.opening.
Every.hatchway.and.chute.loor.opening.must.be.guarded.by.a.hinged.loor.open-
ing.cover.equipped.with.standard.railings.to.leave.only.one.exposed.side,.or.a.remov-
able.railing.with.toeboards.on.not.more.than.two.sides.and.a.ixed.standard.railing.
with.toeboards.on.all.other.exposed.sides.
Every.loor.hole.into.which.a.person.can.accidentally.walk.must.be.guarded.by.
either.a.standard.railing.with.standard.toeboard.on.all.exposed.sides,.or.by.a.loor.
hole.cover.that.is.hinged.in.place..While.the.cover.is.not.in.place,.the.loor.hole.must.
be.attended.or.protected.by.a.removable.standard.railing.
Every. open-sided. loor,. platform,. or. runway. 4. feet. or. more. above. the. adjacent.
loor. or. ground. level. must. be. guarded. by. a. standard. railing. with. toeboards. on. all.
open.sides,.except.where.there.is.an.entrance.to.a.ramp,.stairway,.or.ixed.ladder..
Runways.not.less.than.18.inches.wide.used.exclusively.for.special.purposes.may.have.
the.railing.on.one.side.omitted.where.operating.conditions.necessitate..Regardless.
of.height,.open-sided.loors,.walkways,.platforms,.or.runways.above.or.adjacent.to.
dangerous.equipment.must.be.guarded.with.a.standard.railing.and.toeboard.
ForklIFt trucks [PoWered IndustrIAl trucks]
(29 cFr 1910.178)
The.American.Society.of.Mechanical.Engineers.(ASME).deines.a.powered.indus-
trial.truck.as.a.mobile,.power-propelled.truck.used.to.carry,.push,.pull,.lift,.stack,.
or.tier.materials..Powered.industrial.trucks.are.also.commonly.known.as.forklifts,.
pallet.trucks,.rider.trucks,.fork.trucks,.or.lift.trucks..Each.year,.tens.of.thousands.of.
forklift-related.injuries.occur.in.U.S..workplaces..Injuries.usually.involve.employees.
being.struck.by.lift.trucks.or.falling.while.standing.or.working.from.elevated.pallets.
and.tines..Many.employees.are.injured.when.lift.trucks.are.inadvertently.driven.off.
loading.docks.or.when.the.lift.falls.between.a.dock.and.an.unchocked.trailer..Most.
incidents. also. involve. property. damage,. including. damage. to. overhead. sprinklers,.
racking,. pipes,. walls,. machinery,. and. other. equipment.. Unfortunately,. a. majority.
of.employee.injuries.and.property.damage.can.be.attributed.to.lack.of.procedures,.
insuficient.or.inadequate.training,.or.lack.of.safety-rule.enforcement.
If.at.any.time,.a.powered.industrial.truck.is.found.to.be.in.need.of.repair,.defective,.or.
in.any.way.unsafe,.the.truck.must.be.taken.out.of.service.until.it.has.been.restored.to.a.
safe.operating.condition..High-lift.rider.trucks.must.be.equipped.with.substantial.over-
head.guards.unless.operating.conditions.do.not.permit..Fork.trucks.must.be.equipped.
with.vertical-load.backrest.extensions.when.the.types.of.loads.present.a.hazard.to.the.
