Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Heavy Metal Removal from Aqueous Solutions: Kinetics and Equilibrium Modeling - Advanced Materials for Agriculture, Food and Environmental Safety - page 293

Pollutants Major Sources Typical Ef ects References

Zn Zinc rei neries, galvanizing processes, brass

manufacture, metal plating, plumbing

Zinc fumes have corrosive ef ects on skin and
can cause irritation and damage mucous
membranes

[31]

Mn Ferromanganese production, organo-manganese

fuel additives, welding rods, incineration of
manganese containing substances

Poisoning of central nervous system (CNS),
absorption, inhalation, or skin contact may
cause manganic pneumonia

[38]

Ni Metallurgical industries using nickel, com-

bustion of fuels containing nickel additives,
burning of coal and oil, electroplating units
using nickel salts, incineration of nickel
containing substances

Respiratory disorders, dermatitis, cancer of
lungs and sinus. Histological alterations
in the epididymis and seminal vesicles;
decreases in sperm concentration, motility,
abnormalities, and in fertility. h e observed
ef ects include inl ammatory changes in
the lungs, atrophy of the nasal olfactory
epithelium, hyperplasia in the bronchial
and mediastinal lymph nodes, impaired
immune function, and decreases in body
weight gain, which are probably secondary
to the lung damage

[32, 33, 34,
35, 36]

Se Burning of fuels and residual oils, fumes and

gases from rei nery wastes, incineration of
paper and other wastes

Irritation of gastro-intestinal and respiratory
tracts, irritation of eyes, nose and throat,
damages to lungs, liver and kidneys

[39]

( Continued )