Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Pollutants
Major Sources
Typical Ef ects
References
As
Arsenic containing fungicides, pesticides and
herbicides, metal smelters, by-product of
mining activities, chemical wastes
Inhalation, ingestion or absorption though
skin can cause mild bronchitis, nasal irri-
tation or dermatitis. Carcinogenic activ-
ity also is suspected. Attack SH group of
enzymes, coagulate proteins
[14, 15, 16]
Cd
Cadmium producing industries, electroplat-
ing, welding. By-product of rei ning of Pb,
Zn and Cu, fertilizer industry, pesticide
manufacture, cadmium nickel batteries,
nuclear i ssion plants, production of TEL
used in additive in petrol
Inhalation of fumes and vapours causes
kidney damage, bronchitis, gastric and
intestinal disorders, cancer, disorder of
heart, liver and brain. Chronic and acute
poisoning may result renal dysfunction,
anaemia, hypertension, bone-marrow
disorder and cancer
[26]
Cr
Metallurgical and chemical industries, pro-
cesses using chromate compounds, cement
and asbestos units
Toxic to body tissues, can cause irritation,
dermatitis, ulceration of skin, perfora-
tion of nasal septum. Carcinogenic action
suspected
[27]
Pb
Automobile emissions, lead smelters, burning
of coal and oil, lead arsenate pesticides,
smoking mining and plumbing
Absorption through gastrointestinal and
respiratory tract and deposition in mucous
membranes, causes liver and kidney
damages, gastrointestinal damages, mental
retardation in children, abnormalities in
fertility and pregnancy
[28]
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