Environmentally-Friendly Acrylates-Based Polymer Latices - Advanced Materials for Agriculture, Food and Environmental Safety - page 156

role of certain surfactants in reaction kinetics in getting monodispersed
latex. Emelie et al. [68, 69] studied the batch emulsion copolymerization
of MMA/BA using anionic (SLS) and nonionic (polyethylene oxides)
surfactants. Butler et al. [70] studied the ef ect of three dif erent types of
surfactants (ionic, polymeric and electrosteric) on the water sensitivity of
P(BA-co-MMA) latex i lms. h e water sensitivity of the synthesized poly-
mer was greatly af ected by factors such as surfactant mobility, crystallinity
and surfactant/polymer polarity.
Forcada and Unzueta [71] studied the ef ect of mixed surfactant (anionic
and nonionic) in emulsion polymerization of MMA and BA. h e use of
nonionic surfactant caused the colloidal destabilization of the system and
led to a broader particle size distribution with a larger particle diameter.
h e polymerization stabilized by the nonionic surfactant alone resulted
in a slower rate of polymerization and a larger latex particle size. At low
anionic surfactant concentration, the i nal number of particles per unit
volume of water increased with increasing the total surfactant concen-
tration for the polymerization stabilized by mixed anionic and nonionic
surfactants. On the other hand, at high anionic surfactant concentration
and a ratio of anionic surfactant to nonionic surfactant between 1:1 and
1:3, a smaller population of particles was produced. Furthermore, latex
products with larger particle sizes and narrower particle size distributions
were obtained from polymerizations stabilized by mixed anionic and non-
ionic surfactants compared to the polymerization stabilized by anionic
surfactant alone.
Yu et al. [72] reported the emulsion polymerization of MMA, BA, dimeth-
ylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) using a combination of emulsii ers
and found that the particle size and surface tension of the latexes decreased
with an increase in emulsii er concentration. Sundardi and Zubir [73] pre-
pared the emulsions with monomers having epoxy and carboxyl groups using
radiation emulsion polymerization and investigated the inl uence of the irra-
diation dose rate and emulsii ers. Xu et al. [74] prepared the emulsions with
similar monomers by the seeded emulsion polymerization technique. h ese
copolymer emulsions possessed self-crosslinking property. Glycidyl methac-
rylate (GMA) copolymer emulsions without carboxyl groups were prepared
by Zurkova et al. [75] and Okubo et al. [76].
h e PBMA/PMMA polymer networks were synthesized by emulsion
polymerization with SLS and polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether as the
emulsii er, distilled water as the continuous medium, and KPS as the ini-
tiator by Zhu [77]. h e ef ect of emulsii er concentration, initiator con-
centration, and polymerization temperature on monomer conversion
and polymerization rate was investigated. Experimental data indicated