Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
17. Interview with consultant, conducted in Quito, Ecuador, on May 22, 2007.
18. Interview with consultant, conducted in Quito, Ecuador, on May 22, 2007.
19. Interview with environmental engineer, conducted in Quito, Ecuador, on
May 15, 2009.
20. After one year in offi ce, Correa's administration convinced two oil compa-
nies, Petrobras and City Oriente, to hand over some or all of their operations to
the state. And after two years in offi ce, Correa's administration confi scated the
operations of the French oil company Perenco over a tax dispute.
21. Though an advocate of the poor and disenfranchised, Correa's government
disfavored public participation that was critical of its commitment to the oil and
mining industries. Correa's administration, for example, temporarily suspended
the license of Acción Ecológica, an environmental activist organization, and
brought in the military to quell community road blockades and oil-facility
seizures in a communal expression of discontent with road maintenance and
repair. See Moore 2009 on the former and Aguirre 2008 on the latter point.
22. The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Conservation International (CI), and Bird-
life International have, or have had, corporate partners, corporate supporters,
or board members from within the petroleum industry.
23. This is noted from fi rsthand knowledge of this event.
24. Such actions, coupled with limited new projects, led to fi nancial losses for
Andes Petroleum in the fi rst half of 2007; see Watkins 2007.
25. See Oilwatch Southeast Asia press release, February 14, 2009, http://
oilwatch-sea.org/content/blogcategory/22/4/.
26. See http://www.equator-principles.com.
27. Interviews conducted in Miami, Florida, on April 4, 2008, and in Quito,
Ecuador, on May 12, 2009.
28. Interview with international environmental advocate, conducted in Quito,
Ecuador, on May 12, 2009.
29. At the Inter-American Development Bank Annual Meeting in Miami in April
2008, a representative of a Washington, D.C.-based NGO said the organization
had hired a Chinese consultant in order to better address China's increasingly
global presence. I was also told that China had indicated it would give up a
controversial oil fi eld in Peru, while the Peruvian government was adamant it
should explore the fi eld against the objections of environmental groups and
affected communities.
References
Aguirre, Milagros. 2008.
Dayuma: Nunca Más!
Quito, Ecuador: Cicame.
Alden, Chris, and Martyn Davies. 2006. A profi le of the operations of Chinese
multinationals in Africa.
South African Journal of International Affairs
13(1):
83-96.
