Urban Surface Energy Balance Models: Model Characteristics and Methodology for a Comparison Study - Meteorological and Air Quality Models for Urban Areas - page 103

Table 11.14 Methods used to calculate latent heat flux (Q E ) and soil moisture

Model Latent heat flux method Soil moisture method

BEP02 Not included Not included

CAT Resistances based on the

Penman-Monteith equation
(Grimmond and Oke, 2002)

Not included

CLMU Resistance network accounting for

differences between surfaces

Layers

Evapotranspiration per 1 m 2 of
vegetated coverage estimated
empirically Shashua-Bar and
Hoffman (2002) method

GCTTC Not included

HIRLAM-U Bulk method over each subgrid-scale

surface type and tile method for flux
aggregation

Force-restore, 2 soil layers + forest
canopy, ISBA scheme (Noilhan
and Planton, 1989)

LUMPS deBruin and Holtslag (1982) modified

Penman Monteith

Not included

ENVImet Soil hydrological model, at Surface

Halstead parameter calculated,
Vegetation Photosynthesis/
Transpiration model

Prognostic 1-d multilayer model

NSLUCM Using land-surface model for latent heat

fluxes from natural surfaces, and
bulk/slab model for evaporation from
anthropogenic surfaces

Prognostic multi-layer soil model
for natural surfaces and
one-layer slab model for
athropogenic surface

MUCM Conductance based on Shulze et al.

(1994)

Not included

MM5u Parametric formulation based on the

heat of vaporization, the available
moisture, the molecular diffusivity,
the depth of the molecular layer and
the specific humidity at the surface
and the lowest model level

Five-Layer Soil Model (Dudhia,
1996)

MOSES1T
MOSES2T

Standard resistance based upon MO
similarity theory

Prognostic 1-d multilayer model

MUKLIMO Resistance law within the canopy, MO

from there to the atmosphere

Prognostic 1-d multilayer model

SM2U Resistance (Noilhan and Planton, 1989) Force-restore, 2 layers + reservoir

MOUSES Resistance Prognostic 1D multilayer model

TEB Resistance Bucket

TEB07 Bucket

TUF2D, TUF3D Not included Not included

BEP05 Penman-Monteith formulation

(Monteith, 1981)

Force-restore

SUEB Resistances based on Best (1998) Not included

SUMM Resistance Not included

SUNBEEM Penman-Monteith formulation

(Monteith, 1981)

No explicit soil moisture. Thermal
properties for vegetated canyon
floor may reflect soil moisture

UCLM Not included Not included

VUCM Parametric formulation Layers