Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
ENDNOTES
services & applications, media & content, de-
vices but also pricing models. Consequently,
triple play services are often linked with a
bundled pricing approach of a discounted
monthly subscription.
1
On 20 December 2005, for VOD, represen-
tatives of the industries involved agreed a
33-week blocking period for the first time
in France. On 23 November 2007, an agree-
ment was reached between producers, ISPs
and the Government, under which films may
be made available via VoD six months after
they are first shown in movies theatres. In
October 2009, the Hadopi 2 Law has been
adopted, reducing the delay between the
main phases of the media chronology. Con-
sequently, movies will be released via DVD
six months and via VOD four months after
cinema release. Kuhr (2008) describes how
rules on media chronology have developed
in Europe and analyses the reasons why
there are different models and their implica-
tions. (http://www.obs.coe.int/oea_publ/iris/
iris_plus/iplus4_2008.pdf.en)
4
The number of TV households in France has
been estimated at 24.219 million households
in 2005 by the European Audiovisual Ob-
servatory.
5
Excluding free of charge services, video clip
services and adult services. The same service
provider can distribute services through
several channels. Therefore the number of
service providers may be inferior to the sum
of the services offered through the various
electronic distribution channels.
6
Catch-up TV services allow consumers to
view selected past TV programs during
a given period after their diffusion. Most
catch-up TV services don't include movies.
7
However, the exact number of subscribers
effectively using IPTV service is unknown.
2
The share-out often quoted is 50/25/25 for
content providers, aggregators and service
providers respectively.
8
See ARINO (2007) and SCHEUER (2006)
for a discussion of the new Directive.
3
Convergence has many facets among them
are: convergence of industries, networks,
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