Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Scarp
Displacement
or slip
Heave
Hanging
wall
Foot
wall
Strike slip
FIGURE 6.50
Nomenclature of obliquely displaced fault blocks.
Wrench faults:
Right-lateral
strike-slip
Left-lateral
strike-slip
Gravity,
normal, or
dip-slip
fault
Normal
oblique-slip
fault
Thrust or
reverse-
slip fault
Scarp
H
H
F
F
Legend:
F = foot wall
H = hanging wall
= GWL
FIGURE 6.51
Various types of faults.
Normal or gravity fault
: Displacement is in the direction of dip.
●
Reverse or thrust fault
: Hanging wall rides up over foot wall.
●
Wrench or strike fault
: Displacement is lateral along the strike.
●
Oblique fault
: Movement is diagonal with both strike and dip components.
●
Normal oblique has diagonal displacement in the dip direction.
●
Reverse oblique has diagonal displacement with the hanging wall riding over
the foot wall.
●
Overthrusts
: Result in the overturning of beds such as occurring with the rup-
ture of an anticline as in
Figure 6.52.
Large overthrusts result in unconformi-
ties when removal of beds by erosion exposes older beds overlying younger
beds.
●
