Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 3.35
Continued
Strength Parameters
Rock Type
Weathering Degree
c, ¯ (tsf)
φ
,
φ
,
φ
r
Remarks
(see Table 6.15)
(deg)
London clay
Weathered (brown)
c
,
0.1-0.2
φ
19-22
φ
r
14
Unweathered
c
,
0.9-1.8
φ
23-30
φ
r
15
Joint Filling
“Black seams”
In zone IC
φ
r
10.5
Seam with slickensides
φ
r
14.5
Seam without slicken
sides (both CU tests)
Shear Zones
b
Metamorphic rocks
φ
r
15-25
Foliation shear
Shales
φ
10-20
Mylonite seam
Fault gouge, general
φ
r
15-30
a
From Deere, D.U. and Patton,
Proceedings of the 4th Panamerican Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Engineering
, San Juan, Vol. I, 1971, pp. 87-100.
b
From Deere, D.U.,
Foundation for Dams, ASCE
, New York, 1974, pp. 417-424.
TABLE 3.36
Common Properties of Cohesionless Soils
γ
dry
γ
dry
Void
Strength
c
Material
Compactness
D
R
(%)
N
a
(g/cm
3
)
b
(pcf)
b
ratio e
φ
GW:well-graded gravels,
Dense
75
90
2.21
138
0.22
40
gravel-sand mixtures
Medium dense
50
55
2.08
130
0.28
36
Loose
25
28
1.97
123
0.36
32
GP: poorly graded gravels,
Dense
75
70
2.04
127
0.33
38
gravel-sand mixtures
Medium dense
50
50
1.92
120
0.39
35
Loose
25
20
1.83
114
0.47
32
SW: well-graded sands,
Dense
75
65
1.89
118
0.43
37
gravelly sands
Medium dense
50
35
1.79
112
0.49
34
Loose
25
15
1.70
106
0.57
30
SP: poorly graded sands,
Dense
75
50
1.76
110
0.52
36
gravelly sands
Medium dense
50
30
1.67
104
0.60
33
Loose
25
10
1.59
99
0.65
29
SM: silty sands
Dense
75
45
1.65
103
0.62
35
Medium dense
50
25
1.55
97
0.74
32
Loose
25
8
1.49
93
0.80
29
ML: inorganic silts, very fine
Dense
75
35
1.49
93
0.80
33
sands
Medium dense
50
20
1.41
88
0.90
31
Loose
25
4
1.35
84
1.0
27
a
N
is blows pet loot of penetration in the SPT. Adjustments for gradation are after Burmister (1962). See
Table
b
Density given is for
G
s
2 65 (quartz grains).
c
Friction angle
φ
depends on mineral type, normal stress, and grain angularity as well as
D
R
and gradation (see
