Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 8.5
Latitudinal gradient in pedogenic processes in the circumarctic (Goryachkin et al.
2004
)
and an increase in latitude and an increase in calcification, salinization, and
desert pavement formation as the climate becomes more arid.
8.5
Soil Classifi cation and Geography
Figure
7.1
(previous chapter) shows the distribution of soils in the northern circum-
polar region. Based on this map and the databases from which it was derived,
Turbels are the dominant soils in the circumarctic permafrost region, covering
approximately 6,454 × 10
3
km
2
, followed by Histels (2,714 × 10
3
km
2
), and Orthels
(1,051 × 10
3
km
2
). The countries with the largest area of cryosols (excluding moun-
tain cryosols) are Russia (8.2 million km
2
), Canada (2.3 million km
2
), the USA
(503,000 km
2
), and Greenland (250,000 km
2
).
