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Fig. 8.4 Representative soils in the Alaskan Arctic lowlands and hills: Haploturbels ( top ),
Haplorthels ( lower , left ), and Sapristels ( lower , right ) (Bockheim and Tarnocai 2012 )
salinization, solonization, solodization, and vertization function to a limited
extent and in restricted areas. Figure 8.5 shows gradients in pedogenic pro-
cesses northward from the forest-tundra across the Low-Arctic and Subarctic
Tundra, the Mid-Arctic Tundra, and the High Arctic Barrens (Goryachkin et al.
2004 ). The figure shows a reduction in redoximorphism (gleization), melaniza-
tion (organic matter accumulation), podzolization, and textural differentiation
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