Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
predictive models that can be used in agro-
advisory services.
Integrate biotechnology with traditional agri-
cultural practices and metabolomic and bioin-
formatics systems to design novel insecticide
molecules for studying interactions with the
DNA and protein models.
Develop new biopesticides and technologies
on pest management through sterile insect
techniques, new botanical, semiochemicals
(repellents, pheromones, allomones, etc.), and
endophytic microbial metabolites for pest
control, transgenic insects, pests, and disease
forecasting.
12.6
Livestock Adaptation
Adaptation for pasture-grazing livestock includes
changes in the use and maintenance of pastures
and in the mix of livestock breeds (Easterling
et al.
2007
).
Climate change is having substantial effects on
ecosystems and the natural resources upon which
the livestock sector depends. Climate change will
affect the sector directly, through increased tem-
perature, changes in the amount of rainfall, and
shifts in precipitation patterns. Indirect impacts
will be experienced through modifi cations in eco-
systems, changes in the yields, quality and type of
feed crops, possible increases in animal diseases,
and increased competition for resources.
12.5.7.2
Technologies and Practices
Develop
effective
surveillance
systems
for
invasive species based on semiochemicals.
Streamlining the flow of information of
pest surveillance and livestock diseases to
reduce response time between detection
and action to manage and prevent pests and
diseases.
Promotion of bio-intensive integrated pest
management at large scale.
Strengthening the existing network of veteri-
nary health support services with particular
emphasis on preventive healthcare services
including immunization.
Plant protection measures to be tailored to
meet the threat to crops and farm animals
arising from the outbreak of vector-borne
diseases.
12.6.1 Sector Trends
Global production of meat, milk, and eggs has
rapidly expanded during the last decades in
response to growing demand for livestock prod-
ucts. This increase in demand, which has been
particularly strong in developing regions, has
largely been driven by expanding populations
and increasing incomes. For example, between
1960 and 2005, annual per capita consumption of
meat has more than tripled, consumption of milk
almost doubled, and per capita consumption of
eggs increased fi vefold in the developing world
(Fig.
12.12
).
Fig. 12.12
Per capita consumption of major food items in developing countries (FAO
2009
)
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