The Anatomy of a Mine - Mining and the Environment: From Ore to Metal - page 199

TABLE 4.4
(Continued)

43. Access/Road/Infrastructure Construction
44. Power Station Permit (Izin Usaha Kelistrikan Sendiri/U.K.S) (to construct, to operate)
45. Explosive Permit (Approval on construction of explosive storage building, Permit to possess, to take charge and to store explosive P3, Permit to purchase
and to use explosive P2)
46. Permits to Build and to Operate a Port/Wharf
47. Lease of Sea Surface to Port Site
48. Fuel Storage Tank Construction Permit
49. Tailings Dam Construction Permit
50. Agreement to Borrow and to Use Land for Mining Activities in Forest Area
51. Timber Utilization Permit
52. Shot Firer Certifi cate of 2nd class, License to Shot Firer Card/KIM
53. Fuel Storage Permit
54. Fuel Allocation Permit
55. Approval of the Use of Public Road for Earthwork Equipment Mobilization (commencement of construction)
56. Approval for Mine Bench/Terrace higher than 6 metres
57. VSAT Telephone System Permit
58. Radio Communication Permit
59. Permit to Possess, Store and Utilize Hazardous Substances
60. Permit to Import, Install, Export, and/or Assemble Radioactive Substances
61. Permit to Use Radioactive Substances (Periodically checked or spot check if needed)
62. Permit to Transport Radioactive Substances
63. Radioactive Waste Storage Permit (to be stored at Radioactive Waste Research Centre)
64. Toxic and other Hazardous Waste Storage Permit (included in this category: explosives, infl ammable, reactive, toxic, infectious, corrosive and others that,
after toxicity testing, are classifi ed hazardous waste)

65. Permit to Dispose of Waste Water (based on the Effl uent Quality Standards stipulated by the Central and Local Government)

communities, since the construction stage is relatively short compared to the operations stage.
Consequently, the implementation of environmental and social programmes during con-
struction is rare, and the mine operator is left to cope with any environmental damage and
social tension created during construction. Local communities, of course, will not differentiate
between the mine constructor and the mine operator, so poor environmental performance or
social tensions generated during construction will be blamed on the mine operator. For this rea-
son, there is a strong incentive for the company or consortium which owns the mine to adopt a
strong set of policies to pre-empt adverse construction impacts and to incorporate appropriate
environmental management procedures in the construction tender documents and contracts.

The contractor has no incentive
to develop a working rapport
with local communities, since
the construction stage is
relatively short compared to the
operations stage.

4.5 MINING

In its general sense, mining typically includes the following activities (see also Figures 4.13 to
4.15 ) : land clearing, excavation and management of topsoil and waste rock, excavation and
transportation to the mill of ore, ore processing, tailings management, and shipment of mine
product. While mining activities follow a sequential order, they may also occur in parallel.
For widely distributed ores such as many laterite ores, exploration, land clearing, and topsoil
removal may be underway in some areas while ore mining and rehabilitation proceed in oth-
ers. Mining commonly takes place in a continuous operation, 24 hours a day, 7 days per week.
Each mining activity in isolation may seem rather simple, but to optimize the many
contemporaneous activities requires sophisticated planning and scheduling.

Mining commonly takes place in
a continuous operation, 24 hours
a day, 7 days per week.