Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 9.6
Francis pump turbine at Goldisthal pumped-storage plant (left) and a Francis turbine at the
Itaipu plant (right).
Source: Voith Hydro.
In 1880 the American Lester Allen Pelton developed the Pelton turbine. It is mainly
designed for large heads and, consequently, for use in high mountains. This turbine
can reach very high effi ciencies of 90 to 95%. The water is supplied to the turbine
over a penstock. The water then fl ows through a nozzle at very high velocity to
spoon - shaped buckets (Figure 9.7 ).
Figure 9.7
Drawing of a 6-nozzle Pelton turbine (left) and photo of a Pelton turbine (right).
Source: Voith
Hydro.
