Civil Engineering Reference
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self-contact of a single deformable body. In addition, they can model
small-sliding or finite-sliding interaction between a set of points and a rigid
surface. These models can be either 2D or 3D. Also, they can model contact
between a set of points and a deformable surface. These models can be either
2D or 3D. They can also model problems where two separate surfaces need
to be “tied” together so that there is no relative motion between them.
This modeling technique allows for joining dissimilar meshes. Furthermore,
contact pairs and general contact can model coupled thermal-mechanical
interaction between deformable bodies with finite relative motion.
For most contact problems, modelers can choose whether to define con-
tact interactions using general contact or contact pairs. The distinction
between general contact and contact pairs lies primarily in the user interface,
the default numerical settings, and the available options. The general contact
and contact pair implementations share many underlying algorithms. The
contact interaction domain, contact properties, and surface attributes are
specified independently for general contact, offering a more flexible way
to add detail incrementally to a model. The simple interface for specifying
general contact allows for a highly automated contact definition; however, it
is also possible to define contact with the general contact interface to mimic
traditional contact pairs. Conversely, specifying self-contact of a surface
spanning multiple bodies with the contact pair user interface (if the
surface-to-surface formulation is used) mimics the highly automated
approach often used for general contact. Pairwise specifications of contact
interactions will often result in more efficient or robust analyses as compared
to an all-inclusive self-contact approach to defining contact. General contact
uses the finite-sliding, surface-to-surface formulation. Contact pairs use the
finite-sliding, node-to-surface formulation by default.
General contact automatically accounts for thickness and offsets associ-
ated with shell-like surfaces. Contact pairs that use the finite-sliding, node-
to-surface formulation do not account for shell thickness and offsets. General
contact uses the penalty method to enforce the contact constraints by
default. Contact pairs that use the finite-sliding, node-to-surface formula-
tion use a Lagrange multiplier method to enforce contact constraints by
default in most cases. General contact automatically assigns pure master
and slave roles for most contact interactions and automatically assigns bal-
anced master-slave roles to other contact interactions. Contact pairs have
unique capabilities, which are not available for general contact such as
modeling contact involving node-based surfaces or surfaces on 3D beam
elements;
small-sliding contact
and tied contact;
the finite-sliding,
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