Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Outward normal
Master
surface
Slave surface
Figure 5.13 An example of contact pair approach with master and slave surfaces as
given in ABAQUS [1.29].
coefficient. Surfaces can be defined at the beginning of a simulation or upon
restart as part of the model definition. ABAQUS [1.29] has four classifica-
tions of contact surfaces comprising element-based deformable and rigid sur-
faces, node-based deformable and rigid surfaces, analytical rigid surfaces, and
Eulerian material surfaces.
Contact interactions for contact pairs and general contact are defined in
ABAQUS [1.29] by specifying surface pairings and self-contact surfaces. Gen-
eral contact interactions typically are defined by specifying self-contact for the
default surface, which allows an easy, yet powerful, definition of contact. Self-
contact for a surface that spans multiple bodies implies self-contact for each
body as well as contact between the bodies. At least one surface in an inter-
action must be a non-node-based surface, and at least one surface in an inter-
action must be a nonanalytical rigid surface. Surface properties can be defined
for particular surfaces in a contact model. Contact interactions in a model can
refer to a contact property definition, in much the same way that elements
refer to an element property definition. By default, the surfaces interact (have
constraints) only in the normal direction to resist penetration. The other
mechanical contact interaction models available depend on the contact algo-
rithm. Some of the available models are softened contact, contact damping,
friction, and spot welds bonding two surfaces together until the welds fail.
According to ABAQUS [1.29], contact pairs and general contact com-
bine to provide the capability of modeling contact between two deformable
bodies, with the structures being either 2D or 3D, and they can undergo
either small or finite sliding. They can model contact between a rigid surface
and a deformable body, with the structures can be either 2D or 3D, and they
can undergo either small or finite sliding. They can also model finite-sliding
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