Applied Loads and Stability of Steel and Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges - Finite Element Analysis and Design of Steel and Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges - page 181

b eff

0.85 f cd

N c,f

−

M pl,Rd

N pl,a

+

f yd

b eff

f sd

N s

+

M a

N a

− M pl,Rd

f yd

Figure 3.28 Examples of plastic stress distributions for a composite beam with a solid
slab and full shear connection in sagging and hogging bending according to EC4 [ 3.6 ] .

b eff

b

0.85 f cd

N c,f

1.0

−

M pl,Rd

X pl 0.85

M a

h

N a

X pl

+

0.15 0.4

h

f yd

Figure 3.29 Reduction factor b for M pl,Rd recommended by EC4 [ 3.6 ] .

composite cross section remains plane and that the strain in bonded rein-
forcement, whether in tension or compression, is the same as the mean strain
in the surrounding concrete. The stresses in the concrete in compression
should be derived from the stress-strain curves given in EC2 [2.27] and
the stresses in the reinforcement should be derived from the bilinear dia-
grams given in the same specification. The stresses in structural steel in