Applied Loads and Stability of Steel and Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges - Finite Element Analysis and Design of Steel and Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges - page 155

Table 3.13 Assessment of Groups of Traffic Loads (Characteristic Values of the Multicomponent Action) Specified in EC1 [ 3.1 ]

Footways and Cycle
Tracks

Carriageway

Load Type Vertical Forces Horizontal Forces Vertical Forces Only

Braking and
acceleration
forces

LM1 (TS and
UDL systems)

LM2 (single
axle)

LM3 (special
vehicles)

LM4 (crowd
loading)

Centrifugal and
transverse forces

Uniformly distributed
load Load system

Groups
of
loads

gr1a Characteristic
values

Combination value

gr1b Characteristic

value

gr2 Frequent

values

Characteristic
value

Characteristic
value

gr3 Characteristic value

gr4 Characteristic

value

Characteristic value

gr5 See Annex A Characteristic

value