Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Case
Structural Element
Determinant Length L
F
Steel deck plate: closed deck with ballast bed (orthotropic deck plate) (for local and
transverse stresses)
Deck with cross girders and continuous longitudinal ribs
1.1
Deck plate (for both directions)
Three times the cross
girder spacing
1.2
Continuous longitudinal ribs (including small
cantilevers up to 0.50 m)
Three times the cross
girder spacing
1.3
Cross girders
Twice the length of the
cross girder
1.4
End cross girders
3.6 m
Deck plate with cross girders only
2.1
Deck plate (for both directions)
Three times the cross
girder spacing
2.2
Cross girders
Cross girder spacing
+3m
2.3
End cross girders
3.6 m
Steel grillage: open deck without ballast bed (for local and transverse stresses)
3.1
Rail bearers:
- As an element of a continuous grillage
-
Three times the cross
girder spacing
Cross girder spacing
+3 m
Simply supported
3.2
Cantilever of rail bearer
3.6 m
3.3
Cross girders (as part of cross girder/continuous
rail bearer grillage)
Twice the length of the
cross girder
3.4
End cross girders
3.6 m
bridge piers, soffit of bridge, or decks; the presence of heavy wheels or vehi-
cle on footways; and vehicle collision with curbs, vehicle parapets, and struc-
tural components. Since the main objective of this topic is finite element
analysis and design of steel and steel-concrete composite bridges, accidental
forces can be easily applied as a load case and their effects on the bridges can
be assessed.
3.5.3.2 Collision Forces from Vehicles Under the Bridge
Forces due to the collision of abnormal height or aberrant road vehicles with
piers or with the supporting members of a bridge should be taken into
account. The National Annex may define rules to protect the bridge from
vehicular collision forces. When vehicular collision forces are to be taken
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