Nonlinear Material Behavior of the Bridge Components - Finite Element Analysis and Design of Steel and Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges - page 99

while the American and British specifications overestimated the resistance
of headed stud shear connectors in composite beams with solid slabs.
Ellobody [ 2.68 ] and Ellobody and Lam [ 2.70 ] extended the research to
investigate the behavior of headed shear stud connector in composite beams
with precast hollow core slabs. An accurate finite element model was devel-
oped, and the results obtained from the finite element analysis compared
well with experimental results conducted by Ellobody [ 2.68 ] and Ellobody
and Lam [ 2.70 ].
The performance of headed stud shear connectors in composite beams
with profiled steel sheeting was investigated by Ellobody and Young
[ 2.71 ]. The authors developed an efficient nonlinear three-dimensional
finite element model to investigate the behavior of headed stud shear con-
nectors in composite beams with profiled steel sheeting perpendicular to the
steel beam. The finite element program ABAQUS [1.29] was used in the
analysis. The results obtained from the finite element analysis were verified
against the test results carried out by Lloyd and Wright [ 2.57 ] and Kim et al.
[ 2.58 , 2.59 ] . Parametric studies were performed to investigate the effects of
the changes in profiled steel sheeting geometries, diameter and height of
headed shear stud, concrete slab dimensions, and strength of concrete on
the strength and behavior of shear connection in composite beams with pro-
filed steel sheeting. The results obtained from the finite element analysis
were compared with design strengths calculated using current codes of prac-
tice for headed stud shear connectors in composite slabs with profiled steel
sheeting perpendicular to the steel beam.
2.6.8 Main Investigations on Numerical Modeling
of Composite Girders
Many experimental and numerical investigations have been carried out to
investigate the structural behavior of steel-concrete composite girders. Most
of these investigations were concentrated on steel-solid concrete slab girders
composite beams and limited investigations focused on composite girders
with prestressed hollow core slabs and composite slabs with profiled steel
sheeting. There is no intention to survey these investigations in general in
this topic. However, this chapter is concentrated on how researchers
numerically simulated different components of composite girders including
the shear connection between these components. Also, investigations deal-
ing with the evaluation of the effective width, ultimate load capacity, and
load-deflection curves of composite girders are also highlighted in this topic.