Transportation Costs - Decreasing Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions in Transportation - page 243

Table 16.1 Technical parameters and list price of cars

Category Parameter

Size
l
(in 3 )

Performance
kW
(HP)

Price
€
(US $)

Low class a \1.4

(\85.4)

80-110
(109-150)

15,000-16,000
(21,450-22,880)

Mid class 1.4-3.6

(85.4-219.7)

110-130
(150-180)

23,000-27,000
(32,890-38,610)

Upper class b

[3.6
([219.7)

220
(299)

70,000-76,000
(100,100-108,680)

Hybrid c 1.5

(91.5)

84
(114)

22,000-27,000
(31,460-38,610)

Gas powered car d 1.4-3.6

(85.4-219.7)

96-111
(131-151)

20,000-25,000
(28,600-35,750)

Electric car
Mid class e 147-221 g

(200-301)

80,000-90,000
(114,000-128,000)

Top class f 240-250 h

(326-340)

200,000-220,000
(286,000-314,000)
a Convertible with special equipment costs €20,000-25,000, i.e., US $28,600-35,750
b V6 design of engine
c Electric motor performance 10 kW (13.6 HP)
d Maximum range 350-380 km (217.5-236.2 mi), reserve gasoline tank's volume 12-14 l (2.64-
3.07 gal (UK) or 3.17-3.70 gal (US)), range 150 km (93.15 mi), top speed with high turbo
charging 200 km h -1

(124.3 mi h -1

)

e

Acceleration from 0 to 100 km h -1 (from 0 to 62.15 mi h -1

) in 4 s. The lithium-ion battery

costs €15,000-20,000, i.e., US $21,450-28,600
f Outside temperature of 20C (68F)
g, h

Specific experimental models

16.4 Costs in Road Mobility

When automobiles were first produced they had large engines with low rpm and
heavy construction with long durability and an extremely high price. Later mass
production led to low prices of cars and all social classes could buy them. In 1957,
a Fiat Nouva 500 cost DM 2,650, in 1970 a 500 Luxus cost DM 3,850, and
currently the new Fiat 500 costs €11,300 [ 7 ].
The price situation of cars, depending on size, performance, and special
equipment is presented in Table 16.1 [ 8 ].
Electric cars will only sell after the battery price drops to about €5,000, i.e., US
$7,150. Some manufacturers are planning to rent rather than sell future electric
cars or the battery to avoid the high cost of purchasing one [ 9 ].
The cost of automobile transportation, particularly fuel cost, will generally
increase in the future (see Fig. 16.5 ).