Navigation - Decreasing Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions in Transportation - page 219

careful preplanning through taking data and information about the environment
and infrastructure into account. Inflight data exchange between the dispatcher,
pilot, and controller requires automated processes based on computer technology.
Traditional ATC practices need changes, i.e., good practices, in the first line:
• Allowing directs airspace designs with airways as straight as possible; and
• New concepts with free flying areas.
Optimal takeoff and climbing paths and CDA are key factors in alleviating the
load on the environment.
Radio and satellite navigation has brought about better position recognition and
tracking. With modern navigation, the advanced aircraft systems can optimize
flight profiles and provide even more benefits from computers.
14.4.3 Ship Navigation
Methods of ship navigation have greatly changed. New procedures enhance the
ability to complete the voyage and save fuel.
Coastal networks are established or are planned in Europe, North America as
well as South-East Asia, India, China, Korea, Japan, South Africa, and several
other countries. Similar networks are also planned along major inland waterways.
A coastal AIS will soon replace the current DGPS beacon stations. It will not only
provide frequent determination of position relative to geographic coordinates but
also report the hydrographic features in restricted waters.
Fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions monitoring completed with other
operation parameters has become possible with GPS navigation in combination
with data transfer to route management centers.
References
1. Navigation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigation
2. Telematics. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telematics
3. Global navigation satellite system. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_navigation
4. Az új szoftverrel nincs baleset Japánban. Népszabadság. 22 June 2009, Budapest
5. Hamburger Abendblatt, 19/20/02/2011, pp 42: So können Navigationsgeräte im Auto beim
Spritsparen helfen
6. Traffic Message Channel. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_message_channel
7. Routing helps find the most efficient route, but navigation and mapping help the driver get
there. http://www.trucking.randmcnally.com/ctonline/assets/images/tridion/HDT%20TECH_
REPORT_July_tcm18-189521.pdf
8. Völlig verheizt. Trucker 08/2009, München, pp 3-44. ISSN:0946-3218. http://www.trucker.
de
9. Fuel economy-maximizing behaviors. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_economy_maximizing_
behaviors