Navigation - Decreasing Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions in Transportation - page 208

controlled drive of
vehicles

duty vehicle with
driver

driving direction

in case of turning off automatic control of
traffic order

sensors and actuators automatically maintain distance

Fig. 14.5 Driving and leaving the convoy journey

adjustment

regulation

planned
result

communication

achieved
result

actuator sensor

Fig. 14.6 Measurement and communication in a convoy

Complex driving assistant and monitoring systems must control distance, speed,
and direction in front of and behind the convoy and between the vehicles in the
convoy; see Fig. 14.6 .
Automatic driving assistant systems are still in the predeveloping phase.
Current route planning systems already effectively save fuel. Drivers using traffic-
enabled navigation devices are spending 18% less time driving on an average trip
versus drivers without navigation [ 12 ].

14.2 Navigation in Aviation

14.2.1 Airports and Aircraft Operators

Airport layout, the infrastructure, and the organized ground movement determine
the distance and the time that an airplane has to travel between its parking position
and the runway. This movement may unnecessarily increase fuel consumption on