Basics of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions - Decreasing Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions in Transportation - page 1

Chapter 1
Basics of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust
Gas Emissions
The central topics of the topic are fuel consumption and exhaust gas emission
saving technologies, monitoring possibilities, infrastructure impacts, administra-
tive and legislative options, and financial and social conditions in transportation.
This topic has five main chapters (see Fig. 1.1 ).
All means of transport consume fuel and emit waste products into the air. The
fundamentals of recent technology are depicted in [ 1 ]. This topic deals with fuel
consumption and exhaust gas emissions from internal combustion and jet engines
in motor vehicles, ships, and airplanes, and does not survey railroads, and it
furthermore considers unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen mon-
oxide, nitrogen dioxide, particles and carbon dioxide, and does not include other
pollutants and climate gases.
Regarding the complexity of transport, the most important potentials for fuel
savings are in the technology of vehicles, airplanes and ships, in the organization
of transportation systems and in the optimization of environmental conditions,
which is the main guide for consideration in this topic (see Fig. 1.2 ).
1.1 Comparison of Fuel Consumption and Emissions
in Transportation
Fuel consumption of vehicles can be expressed using the metric unit system in
terms of consumed fuel per passenger kilometer and passenger mile or per weight
of transported cargo:
• Fuel volume or fuel mass per passenger-kilometers in l (passenger km) -1 or kg
(passenger kg) -1 ;