Type Approval and Type Certification - Decreasing Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions in Transportation - page 174

Table 12.1 EASA
requirements for aviation

Requirement Content

CS-22 Sailplanes and powered sailplanes

CS-23 Normal, utility, aerobatic, and commuter

airplanes

CS-25 Large airplanes

CS-27 Small rotorcraft

CS-29 Large rotorcraft

CS-31 Hot air balloons

CS-34 Aircraft engine emissions and fuel venting

CS-36 Aircraft noise

CS-APU Auxiliary power units

CS-AWO All weather operations

CS-E Engines

CS-ETSO European technical standard orders

CS-Definitions Definitions and abbreviations

CS-P Propellers

CS-VLA Very light airplanes

CS-VLR Very light rotorcraft

AMC-20 General acceptable means of compliance for

airworthiness of products, parts and
appliances

The regulations called Joint Aviation Requirements (JAR) are published by the
Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA) on behalf of the member states [ 19 ]. The JAA
was founded by the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) which is the
European organization of the ICAO. The members are the ministers for trans-
portation of the European countries and representatives from the European
Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) which is the airworthiness authority for aviation
in the EU [ 20 ].
The JAA have adopted a set of harmonized rules for commercial air trans-
portation, called Joint Aviation Requirements for Commercial Air Transportation
(Airplanes) (JAR-OPS 1). These regulations provide for common safety standards
of the designers, the manufacturers, the operation and the maintenance of the
aircraft, as well as aviation personnel and organizations. In detail, the regulations
contain requirements for the flying characteristics, the construction, the engine
installation, the type and the operation limits of equipment. The civilian con-
struction specifications have to refer to a series of requirements according to the
JAA [ 21 ].
The JAA is an organization operated by volunteer European Civil Aviation
Authority (CAA). EASA has taken over most of the JAA regulations, thereby
creating the EASA requirements which are presented in Table 12.1 .[ 22 ].