Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
human MDR1, MRP1, MRP2, and BCL-2, and on the other hand up-regulated
mRNA expressions of p53 and proapoptotic proteins including BAX, caspase-3, -8,
and -9, enhanced apoptosis, reduced viability in human colon adenocarcinoma
Caco-2 cells [
38
].
Cationic lipids, employed in the delivery of genes suffer from the disadvantage
of nonspecific gene expression in lung and liver tissue. To circumvent the problem
of nonspecificity, a dual delivery system using NLP composed of plasmid DNA
(pDNA) condensed with cationic PEG modified poly-lysine (PL/DNA) and neutral
Her-2 targeting liposome conjugated Listeriolysin O (LLO) protein was used to
target BCs expressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) cancer
marker [
39
].
Cyclic dinucleotides di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) are known to act
as second messenger playing role in the signal transduction of cytosolic DNA
immune responses and stimulates the immune system. Synthetic, pH sensitive
lipid YSK05 with high fusogenicity property has been used as a carrier to transport
c-di-GMP into the cytosol which could induce innate immunity response mediated
by Interferon (IFN)-
production in Raw264.7 cells by the activation of STING-
TBK1 pathway, up-regulated expression of CD80, CD86, and MHC class I, facil-
itated antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell (CTL) activity, and the inhibited tumor
growth in a mouse model [
40
].
Functional liposomes composed of phosphatidyl choline (PC), CHOL, and
stearyl amine encapsulating camptothecin and coated with
β
ʱ
-melanocyte-stimulat-
ing hormone (
-MSH) with their unique property of antigen specific targeting and
controlled drug delivery were reported to overshoot the antimelanoma activity of
camptothecin when administered alone [
41
].
1,2-dipalmitoyl-
sn
-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) liposomes with enhanced
drug retention and release property at 41
C offers a novel approach of temperature
controlled drug release overcoming the problems of drug leakage associated with
liposomes [
42
].
Fusogenic liposome for delivery of chemotherapeutic drug DOX designed with
protein-DNA complex core containing an ATP-responsive DNA scaffold has been
reported to release drug through an ATP-mediated process triggered by liposomal
fusion suggesting their potential application as an efficient anti-cancer agent [
43
].
Disialo-ganglioside GD-2 is a tumor marker expressed in many cancers and
targeting cancer cells by antibodies against GD2 is a major strategy employed in
cancer therapy [
44
]. Immuno-liposomes coated with anti-GD2 antibody, encapsu-
lating anticancer drug etoposide targeting GD2 expressing cancer cells, has been
reported to enter targeted cells via clathrin-coated pits, thereby causing reduction in
cell proliferation in in-vitro studies and offers advantage over conventional che-
motherapeutics in specific cancer cell targeting [
45
].
Anticancer activity of hydrophobic natural product Celastrol, derived from
Tripterygium wilfordii
, herb prepared as PEGylated celastrol liposomes has been
shown to reduce prostate cancer cell viability [
46
].
ʱ
