Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Synergistic effects of anacardic acid, vitamin C, and mitoxantrone loaded to
liposomes has been reported to have enhanced anticancer effects [
47
].
Curcumin, loaded on liposomes, and micelles, lipid nanoparticles, and emul-
sions have shown promising anticancer effects [
30
,
48
].
Preformed vesicle (PFV), a type of liposome, PFVYLI with a hydrophobic
penetration peptide (HPP), loaded with anticancer drug DOX (PFV-SSLs-DOX)
targeted against different BCs cell revealed better accumulation in the tumor,
growth inhibition, and lower systemic and cardiac toxicity thus proving a promising
delivery device for therapeutic or imaging agents to tumors [
49
].
9.1.4.2
Inflammatory Diseases
Infections and inflammations lead to leaky vascular system just like tumor
infiltration. Sterically stabilized liposomal formulations may therefore be an effec-
tive delivery tool for the transport of appropriate drugs in such circumstances.
Many deep tissue residing infectious microbes are practically inaccessible, or
escape the chemotherapy by conventional drugs as they reside in deep-tissue
macrophages. Some liposomal encapsulations were effectively phagocytosed by
the macrophages whereas some liposomes end up in the skin. The potential of
long-circulating liposomes in inflammatory diseases should be the new field of
research [
5
-
7
].
Corticosteroid, dexamethasone-loaded liposomes have been reported to specif-
ically reduce cytotoxicity in human fibroblasts and macrophages, with
downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF),
interleukin (IL)1
, reduced migration of monocytes and macrophages in inflamed
conditions thereby suggesting their efficient applicability and nontoxic role in
patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, colitis, and cancer
[
50
]. Nanomedicine-based strategies are being employed in targeting of
atherosclerosis [
51
].
For the effective low-dose treatment of chronic inflammatory human skin
disease, acne, vesicular (liposomes and niosomes) were used as a nanotech-
nological approaches along with colloidal drug delivery systems (micro-emulsion
and nanoemulsion), particulate (solid lipid nanoparticles and microspheres),
and miscellaneous
β
systems
(aerosol
foams and micro-sponges)
for acne
therapy [
52
].
Glucocorticoids (GC), being potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory
agent is used extensively for the treatment of many different inflammatory diseases.
Liposomal GC formulations for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, asthma,
multiple sclerosis, and cancer, through the targeted delivery of GC to pathological
sites enhance the biodistribution and the target site accumulation of GC to balance
between its efficacy and their toxicity. Liposomal GC were better off as clinical
therapeutics than prolonged and/or high-dose GC therapy with respect to lesser side
